“两点一线”的佛教译经路线——敦煌与天水 - 陈列展览

“两点一线”的佛教译经路线——敦煌与天水

　时间：2014-08-22 15:27:21　来源：王来全翻译马素芳点击：

        丝绸之路纵贯甘肃，形成了敦煌-天水“两点一线”的佛教译经路线。
        纵观佛教遗存，敦煌的历代开窟造像之举，壁画中再现了各种佛经经典故事。天水佛教遗存从早到晚证明了佛教的发展历史，以此为标尺，以僧人往来为线索，说明敦煌、天水在中国佛教历史上的重要地位。
        这里以竺法护天水译经说明两地佛教的关联。“晋怀帝永嘉二年（308年）太岁在戊辰，五月本斋（谓布萨之日）护在天水寺手执《普曜经》胡本，口译为晋言……” (《魏晋南北朝佛教史》汤用彤着1997年北京大学出版社)
从竺法护译经近40年的历程中，他始终在长安与敦煌之间穿行，而且有在“天水寺译经”的明确年份。如果说从长安到敦煌的行程必经天水时，作为一个有信仰的佛教信徒当是“自敦煌至长安，沿途传译”。多次停留天水译经传教，对晋及十六国时期天水的佛教事业起到极大的推动和发展。  既然有如此佛教举动，有了佛经依据，其表现佛教信仰形式的石窟造像及民间佛教造像活动在天水各地均枚不胜举。
        从敦煌到天水传教译经有据可考的著名僧人还有帛远、法显、竺佛念、慧常、于道邃、单道开、鸠摩罗什等等。

Dunhuang and Tianshui---“Two Points on a line” of Translation Route of the Buddhist Scriptures

Abstract:
      The Silk Road, throughout Gansu province, formed a translated Buddhist Scriptures’ route from Dunhuang – Tianshui of “Two Points on a line”.
        Seeing Buddhist relics of past dynasties in Dunhuang, these grottoes , statues, and murals reproduce classic stories of Buddhist scriptures. Buddhist relics, from early to late times in Tianshui, demonstrates the development history of Buddhism. Baesd on which, using contacts of Buddhist monks as a clue, the important role of Dunhuang and Tianshui in the history of Buddhism in China is illustrated.
        Translated  Buddhist  Scripture work of Zhu Fahu in Tianshuithis paper is used to accout for connections between the two places. “When Jin Huai emperor was in charge of the nation, the second year of Yongjia (308 A.D.), it was about sunset of a May day (called the uposatha Day, when people recite the Buddhist book), holding Hu version of “Puyao Book”, Zhu interpreted it into Jin language in Tianshui temple .(Buddhism history of Wei ,Jin, Southern and Northern DynastiesShang Yongtong, Peking University press, 1997).
        For nearly 40 years’ scripture translation course，Zhu had traveled between Chang’an and Dunhuang all the time, and there were specific time that he translated scripture in the Tianshui Temple. If Tianshui was an necessary station on the road from Changan to Dunhuang, as a faithful Buddhist, he must be always translating and propagating scripture, He repeatedly stayed in Tianshui to translate, advocacy and teach scripture, which greatly promoted the development of Buddhism in Tianshui during Jin and Sixteen nations Dynastry. Because these Buddhist activities and basic of Buddhist Scriptures, there were many Buddhist grottoes and varied activities of making Buddhist status in Tianshui.
       From Dun Huang to Tian Shui, there were many famous monks with proof evidences who did missionary work and translated scriptures ,including Boyuan, Faxian, Zhu Fonian, Huichang, Yu Daojia, Shan DaoKai and Jiu Moluoshi etc.